Descartes Belief in God Essay - 1503 Words

Descartes and God In his groundbreaking work, Meditations on First Philosophy, the French philosopher Rene Descartes lays the groundwork for many philosophical principles by attempting to â€Å"establish a bold and lasting knowledge† (171)1. The foundations for knowledge Descartes established would go on to influence a plethora of other philosophers and philosophical works. Descartes argues in his meditations first from the point of view of complete skepticism, using skepticism as a tool in order to discover what is real. Through this method, Descartes explains the existence of man as a â€Å"thinking thing,† the capacity for human error, the overall trustworthiness of our senses, the existence of a physical world, the mind and body as separate†¦show more content†¦Descartes first uses a scientific cause-and-effect principle to claim that his clear idea of God is proof of God’s existence. Descartes claims that the â€Å"light of nature has reveled that there is at least as much in a complete efficient cause as in its effect† (178). By using this principle, Descartes claims that since his clear perception of God is a supremely perfect being, and since there is as much reality in his idea of God as in its cause, then God must exist as the only being with as much reality as his idea of God. Since Descartes has just proven God is the pinnacle of complete perfection and â€Å"deception always contain(s) imperfection,† then God cannot be an evil deceiver as Descartes earlier hypothesized (183). Descartes also delves into how the idea of God must come from God himself. Since God cannot be â€Å"taken in through senses,† and since Descartes himself didn’t create the idea of God, Descartes claims that the idea of God must be â€Å"innate†¦like my idea of myself† (182). Descartes uses this argument to claim that God â€Å"put this idea into me†¦like a craftsman’s mark on his work† (182). Descartes now sees himself and mankind created in God’s own image, and since he has proven God is perfect, God wouldn’t have created man specifically deceive them or to give them the capacity to err. According to this premise, Descartes infers that our senses aren’t made to err and will deliver truths when used correctly. Descartes deduces man’s ability to err stems fromShow MoreRelatedThe Life of Rene’ Descartes: His Works and His Beliefs in God1578 Words   |  7 PagesWas Rene’ Descartes just a visionary of truth, mathematical equations or was he truly a man that knew he was born to tell the world about life, knowledge, and how it all came together metaphorically? Please see the research on Rene’ Descartes cited accomplishments. Descartes was known as the first modern philosopher. Famous for making a connection between geometry and algebra, which allowed for solving of geometrical problem by way of algebraic equations, which promoted a new conception of matterRead MoreEssay about Descartes First Meditation924 Words   |  4 PagesDescartes#8217; first meditation, his main objective is to present three skeptical arguments to bring doubt upon what he considers his basic beliefs. Descartes believes this to be an intricate part of his complete epistemological argument. Descartes skeptical arguments are not intended to be a denial of his basic beliefs. On the contrary, he uses these arguments to help prove one of his main theses, which is the existence of God. One of the main premises that Descartes uses in his proof forRead MoreHow Descartes Throws On The Wind Of Search For A Universal And Unchanging Foundational Truth1615 Words   |  7 Pagesthis essay I will address how Descartes throws all his belief s to the wind in search for a universal and unchanging foundational truth, that bypass his deceptive senses and shines light on all his beliefs that are clearly and distinctly, proven based on his supreme foundational truth. As Descartes tries to unravel his former beliefs and find an unquestioning truth in which he can build all other truths without the errors of deception leading him astray. Descartes begins his search by questioningRead MoreDescarte and Pierce Essay examples1350 Words   |  6 PagesDescartes and Peirce both believe in belief and doubt. However, Peirce argument and determination to find a solution to overcome doubt is much stronger than Descartes’. Peirce also makes it known that he is aware of belief in which Descartes does not. Their beliefs result from the notion of clear and distinct ideas. Peirce and Descartes are both rationalists who believe that there is an independent truth and they know it when they see it. The problem that exists is that Descartes and Peirce realizeRead MoreThe Meditations On First Philosophy By Rene Descartes916 Words   |  4 Pageson First Philosophy by Rene Descartes is a thorough analysis about doubt. Descartes describes his method of doubt t o determine whether he can truly know something. One of his major arguments is the proof of the existence of God. In this paper, I will attempt to unravel the flaws in Descartes proof that God exists. In the meditations, Descartes evaluates whether or not everything we know is a reality or a dream. Descartes claims that we can only be sure that our beliefs are true when we clearly andRead MoreDiscourse on Descartes Skeptical Method1672 Words   |  7 PagesSebastian Gumina Paper Topic #1 Descartes’ Skeptical Method Descartes’ method offers definitive conclusions on certain topics, (his existence, the existence of God)but his reasoning is not without error. He uses three arguments to prove existence (His and God’s) that attempt to solidify his conclusions. For his method to function seamlessly, Descartes needs to be consistent in his use of the method, that is, he must continue to doubt and challenge thoughts that originate in his ownRead MoreEssay on descartes1223 Words   |  5 Pages Descartes ignored all he believed to be true. He believed that if any belief can be doubted it is not certain, making it unusable as a foundation. Descartes jettisons any information, knowledge, or truths that are based on his senses. He applied the â€Å"Dream Argument,† (19) where he stated that based on the senses alone, there is no definite way of proving that you are dreaming or awake. Therefore, any truths based upon the senses are unreliable and doubtful. Descartes turned to why a nd how his sensesRead MoreDescartes And Spinoza On Nature Of God1282 Words   |  6 Pages This is certainly the case when it comes to Descartes and Spinoza, who are both adamant that their views provide the correct context and insight on their opinions of God. In Readings in Modern Philosophy by Ariew and Watkins, it is revealed that while both philosophers tend to agree on opinions like God being infinite, there are many reasons why Descartes and Spinoza disagree on the nature of God and their opinion of substance, for example, Descartes believes that there is more than one type ofRead MoreThe Ontological Argument For The Existence Of God1509 Words   |  7 Pages Descartes’ ontological argument is an echo of the original ontological argument for the existence of God as proposed by St. Anselm in the 11th century. To illustrate the background of the ontological argument, Anselm’s argument works within a distinct framework of ontology that posits the existence of God as necessity by virtue of its definition. In other words, for the mind to conceive of an infinite, perfect God, ultimately implies that there must indeed be a perfect God that embodies existenceRead MoreHow Not to Build a Bridge Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pagesof knowledge I assume could conceivably be uncertain in reality. Rene Descartes set out to do just that in one his most famous works, entitled Meditations of First Philosophy; having realized that the beliefs he employed on a daily basis were flawed, Descartes began pursuing a foundationalist framework of knowledge that would enable him to develop certainty from his beliefs. While I agree with Descartes’ notion that the belief of which I can be most certain is my own existence as a thinking thing

Graduation Speech Math And Math - 997 Words

Often, when people ask me about my major they make a face at my response. Math. Why on earth would anyone ever want to study math? Their response, however doesn t discourage me. Rather, it encourages me to work harder at understanding math so that one day I can teach it in such a way that others understand. I was homeschooled until the second half of my sophomore year. I can clearly remember my freshman year sitting at the kitchen table attempting to understand what my mother called a simple concept and having absolutely no idea what slope-intercept form was about. It was only until I had a dedicated teacher my junior year who encouraged and challenged me to do my best who changed my opinion on math. After Algebra 2, I realized how much I enjoyed learning about math and how applicable it was to our daily lives. My senior year, I was asked by my pre-calculus teacher to tutor a struggling student in trigonometry. Although some days were a challenge to figure out the best way to explain the information, I found that I loved every minute of it. It was so rewarding to see the student finally understand a concept they had been struggling with. After much prayer and consideration, I decided my senior year to pursue a career in secondary mathematics education. At Bluffton University, I ve completed over 120 hours of field experience in my education classes. Working with students and assisting teachers in the behind-the-scenes work made me fall in love with the career even more.Show MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : Math Camp1046 Words   |  5 PagesUniversity s math camp. The arrival time was at seven Friday night, and the time we were released was five in the afternoon on Saturday. Arriving to math camp, I didn’t know what to expect and what to take from the whole event. 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Twelfth Night Coursework Assignment Free Essays

string(156) " Olivia uses deception to further her cause with Cesario and it is made inherent to him that she has fallen in love with his outward, disguised appearance\." 5. â€Å"Conceal what I am† Explore the theme of disguise and deception in â€Å"Twelfth Night† William Shakespeare’s ‘Twelfth Night’ is based around disguise in the form of deception. In ‘Twelfth Night’, disguise takes many different shapes from physical to mental disguise. We will write a custom essay sample on Twelfth Night Coursework Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the major themes of ‘Twelfth Night’ is also misperception and deception. Yet, paradoxically along the way there are many problems, deceptions and illusions, providing a comment on human behaviour and creating comedy. In ‘Twelfth Night’, Shakespeare explores and illustrates the theme of deception and disguise with precise detail. In ‘Twelfth Night’, it is evident that the fluctuation in attitude to the dual role and situation and tribulations imposed upon the character of Viola ends up in a better understanding of both sexes, and thus, allows Viola to have a better understanding for Orsino. â€Å"Stand you awhile aloof. Cesario, Thou know’st no less but all; I have unclasp’d To thee the book even of my secret soul.† Here it is apparent that after very little time Viola has won the trust of Orsino through her disguise and he seems to have decided that he can divulge more in Viola than in anyone else. She decides to take on this identity because she has more liberty in society in her Cesario mask, which is obvious when Orsino readily accepts her. Orsino confides in Cesario the most intimate feelings of his ‘secret soul’ and grows accustomed to Cesario very quickly, whereas, in her female identity, it is clear that she would not enjoy such freedom. I also think this is significant, as Shakespeare is conveying the impression that because Viola has disguised herself as a ‘eunuch’ she has more autonomy and less constraints; I think Shakespeare’s underlying and implicit message is that sometimes it is beneficial for women to dress as men to achieve freedom; therefore assuming a disguise is necessary. The theme of deception is also evident immediately in the play. A supposedly ‘noble’ Duke Orsino is suffering due to his unrequited ‘love’ for the Lady Olivia. † If music be the food of love, play on, Give me excess of it, that, surfeiting, The appetite may sicken, and so die.† There is a touch of unreality and deception here about Orsino’s distress, as if he unconsciously enjoying the situation he is in and so the audience is left to deduce whether or not Orsino is in self-deception. Shakespeare hints here that Orsino’s love for Olivia is a hyperbolic, abstract love and one of self-indulgence as it is ‘high-fantastical’ and so he encourages the audience to look more intimately and interpret Orsino’s ‘spirit of love’ as one of self-delusion. Orsino constantly reiterates how immense his ‘love’ is for Olivia, but it is easily seen as empty rhetoric. He is infatuated with the notion of love, and himself as the great, contemporary lover rather like Romeo from Shakespeare’s ‘Romeo and Juliet’. Deception plays a role here because it is clear Orsino’s conception of himself is misplaced and so he is self-deceiving and also this highlights his egotistical nature. Shakespeare also uses iambic pentameter here and this defines Orsino’s character to a certain degree. Iambic pentameter shows control and yet the emphasis here is on the instability and the intensity of his love for Olivia. This leads us to believe he is ‘in love with the notion of being in love’. This oration by Orsino also tells us something about his character and mood: he is in love, but this does not bring him happiness, rather a profound melancholy. His speech then turns to images of disease and death and it is excessively evident here that Orsino is misleading himself. ‘Excess†¦surfeiting†¦sicken†¦die†¦dying’ Orsino, here, has dramatised his passion and love for Olivia so much that he thinks he will die if she does not love him. It is clear he is deceiving himself and his situation can be interpreted as him being preoccupied with the sensation of love itself, feeding his emotions with music and elaborate poetic imagery. Shakespeare conveys Orsino’s ‘love-thoughts’ emotions for Olivia as passive, self-regarding and melancholic and Orsino as unrepresentative of his veritable feelings. Shakespeare invites the audience to interpret Orsino’s ‘love-thoughts’, which ‘pursue’ him as artificial ones because of the way Orsino is portrayed. â€Å"Be not amaz’d; right noble is his blood. If this be so, as yet the glass seems true, I shall have share in this most happy wreck.† Orsino here demonstrates a rapid detachment from Olivia and instead switches his attentions to Viola. This extremely quick change of ‘love’ from Olivia to Viola confirms his superficiality and self-deceit. The theme of disguise and deception is again present in the next scene where Olivia is in passionate mourning for her brother who ‘shortly died’. However, it is also clear that Olivia herself is in self-deceit. Her way of mourning involves her hiding behind a veil or disguising herself from the truth and refusing male company which is illustrated when she says like a ‘cloistress’ she will ‘veiled walk’ around with ‘eye-offending brine’. The mourning over her brother’s death is very dramatic, but she just lives the idea of mourning as she feels that this would do the death of her brother justice. She attempts to disguise all this under a veil, but to no triumph as her genuine personality shone through. Olivia as part of her mourning vowed that no man would see her face â€Å"till seven years’ heat†. But regardless of this, falls in love with Cesario which shows that her resolution is short-lived and the audience is left to question her sincerity. â€Å"Unless, perchance, you come to me again To tell me how he takes it†. Olivia is disguising her flirtatiousness towards Cesario by pretending that she only wants him to come back to bear news of Orsino’s reaction to her rejection. To further disguise her feelings, and deceive Malvolio, she tells a blatant lie to him, pretending Cesario left a ‘ring behind him’. â€Å"She returns this ring to you, sir; you might have saved Me my pains, to have taken it away yourself.† Olivia uses deception to further her cause with Cesario and it is made inherent to him that she has fallen in love with his outward, disguised appearance. Also deception features here as, ironically, Olivia’s advance is just as deceitful as Viola’s mere presence. It is clear to the audience that Olivia is deluding herself that she will be in deep mourning for her brother for ‘seven years’. Her first appearance, which ends with her falling for the disguised Viola, shows the shallowness of her real feelings of anguish. When Olivia, who is taken in by Cesario’s ‘youth’s perfections’, falls in love with Cesario she instantaneously forgets about mourning. Olivia’s elaborate, grief-stricken gestures towards her dead brother are examples of dramatised and overly exaggerated displays of emotion. Her grief may well be genuine but her extravagant vow to mourn him for ‘seven years’, sprinkling her chamber with tears and wearing a veil are quite simply empty gestures. On closer inspection one can also infer that Olivia is perhaps using her brothers death to conceal her aspirations for Cesario to remain close to her. â€Å"I bade you never speak again of him; But, would you undertake another suit, I had rather hear you than solicit that Than music from the spheres.† It is made explicit to Cesario that she wants to be courted by him, which is comical to the audience as they know about Cesario’s masquerade, and this is another example of the way Cesario deceives through disguise. Olivia has just lost her family, but her display of sorrow is very theatrical and self-deluding and seems to be full of barren gestures which say nothing about her true grief but merely disguise her true feelings and serve to self-deceive. Another character that is guilty of self-deception is Olivia’s servant Malvolio. A scene, which prepares us for dramatic irony, is when Maria writes the letter to Malvolio, under the pretence that it is from Olivia. As the audience is aware of this deception it sets up the dramatic irony, because Malvolio himself is not aware of it when he finds and reads the letter. Malvolio in his conceited role presents the possibilities of a very bland and critical existence, however when drugged with the mere possibilities of conceit, believing himself superior to others, he becomes the most absurd of all the characters and he reveals to us his disguised feelings. â€Å"Go, hang yourselves all! You are idle shallow things; I am not of your element; you shall know more hereafter.† Malvolio has extreme ambitions and aspirations to advance in social class by marrying Olivia which the audience can clearly interpret as self-delusional. Maria’s letter is only able to convince him that Olivia loves him because that is what he wants to believe. When the letter tells him to act proud and haughty, it only gives him permission to show how he already feels, as it appeals to his vanity. This trick would not have worked if the letter had not been disguised as Olivia’s, however, it is also important to include that Malvolio’s disguised feelings and self-deception convince him of its authenticity. It is his capacity for self-deception and it is really Malvolio’s ‘self-love’ which makes him easy to trick. Malvolio is also in disguise in the class system. He dresses in black and never laughs. â€Å"My masters, are you mad? Or what are you? Have you no wit, manners or honesty,† This however, is merely a disguise that he assumes, that allows him to criticize others. Under this disguise Malvolio is full of self-importance he is also self-absorbed and extremely vain. He conceals his ‘puritan’ personality during this ‘gulling’ episode and puts on ‘yellow stockings’ and behaves uncharacteristically boldly. When he is on his own he reveals he often daydreams of ruling a thrifty and solemn household while he plays with ‘some rich jewel’, and that Olivia will marry him and as a result he will become ‘Count Malvolio’ her equal. This shows his embedded self-deception. It is also ironic that Malvolio is more successful at fooling himself than he is at deceiving others. Malvolio is sure that some accident of luck has caused a man as fine as him to be born a servant rather than a master and that fortune will eventually correct that mistake. â€Å"all that look on him love him.† This reveals his arrogant nature and the fact that he is self-deceiving. Self-love is evident in many characters of the play, however, Malvolio’s self-love combined with his instinct for social climbing makes it more obtrusive. To conclude, Malvolio is self-deceived before he is deceived. Shakespeare makes this clear by exhibiting Malvolio’s vain glory just before he finds the forged letter: ‘To be Count Malvolio!’. The physical disguise in ‘Twelfth Night’ brings to light those who have mental illusions as to who they are. Malvolio for example considers himself to be respected and is the first person to call other characters a ‘fool’ when in fact the audience think of him as a fool. Deception and disguise also play a major role in the characters of Maria, Sir Toby and Sir Andrew. Sir Toby often persuades Andrew to give him money or buy him drinks in return for allowing him access to Olivia, in order to court/woo her. â€Å"Send for money, knight; if thou hast her not i’ th’ end, call me Cut.† Andrew does not realise that Sir Toby is fooling him and using him to pay for his entertainment and so deception plays a part here because Sir Toby is deliberately deceiving and deluding Sir Andrew to exploit him. It can also be argued that Sir Andrew is self-deceiving because he actually thinks that the rouge Sir Toby is his genuine friend, however, it is clear to the audience that his friendship with Sir Toby is feigned. However, it is also clear that if Sir Toby did not encourage and prompt him, he would never have aspired. ‘No faith, I’ll not stay a jot longer.’ This is important because it shows that although Sir Andrew is deceived, and foolish, he is not self-deceived. This also proves that although he is foolish enough to dream of Olivia’s hand, he is scarcely hopeful which shows that, unlike Malvolio, he has a greater sense of reality and does not delude himself or disguise that he knows Olivia does not love him. Another form of disguise, Shakespeare’s use of masks in the play, also contributes much to the disguise and deception in the play. These masks put characters in a form of ‘darkness of night,’ allowing them to become someone else. Shakespeare uses masking imagery throughout the play. The perfect example of this can be seen in Feste the jester. Feste demonstrates masking imagery when he disguises himself as ‘Sir Topas’ and is sent to judge Malvolio’s state of mind. â€Å"Sir Topas, never was man thus wronged. Good Sir Topas, do not think I am mad: they have laid me Here in hideous darkness.† By adopting this disguise, Feste is able to expose Malvolio’s self-conceit and other faults and therefore he successfully reveals Malvolio’s hidden feelings by disguising himself. Also Feste, in the guise of the Fool, comes out with wise and intellectual comments contrary to his role. Although characters wear masks, their true identities are always revealed. I interpret this as Shakespeare alluding to the fact that all disguises can be exposed. This statement is reinforced when Feste says: ‘Eyes show the days’. Feste is able to penetrate all the masks of the others, and he succeeds in concealing his own which makes him a master and professional of disguise. Feste is an ‘allowed fool’ a professional jester who has to be quick witted and clever to make jokes and puns. He is not expected to be idiotic or simple-minded. Viola, in her disguise as Cesario, is able to talk to her lover in a way that she could not do as a woman; she takes advantage of this situation and schools Orsino on the realities of love. â€Å"She never told her love,†¦.. Feed on her damask cheek.† Here Viola counters Orsino’s narcissism with her own sad story of concealed love. Shakespeare accentuates Orsino’s exaggerated, excessive idea of love, by showing alongside it the genuine love felt by Viola and therefore Orsino’s speech is undermined, as what he said is ironic. So, although Viola is disguising her feelings for Orsino, she does not deceive him and unreservedly hints that she has suppressed feelings for him. Sebastian’s relationship with Antonio is one of disguise because Antonio implicitly reveals his ‘love’ for Sebastian but deceives him and perhaps self-deceives as being just friendship, as one can conjecture that he is gay. â€Å"If you will not murder me for your love, let me be your servant†. This suggests that Antonio has repressed homosexual feelings for Sebastian that he disguises by pretending to only be his close friend. The play abounds in references to these different forms of disguise, to the gap between what appears to be true and what really is. Viola calls disguise a ‘wickedness/Wherein the pregnant enemy does much’ when she realises that Olivia has fallen in love with her persona as Cesario. In the play’s moral scheme disguise or self-deception creates frustration and confusion. Antonio, for example, regrets the ‘devotion’, which Sebastian’s handsome features had inspired in him. Word- play is also a form of disguise and the numerous puns in the play reflect this theme on a linguistic level. The dramatic convention of disguise produces ambiguities of meaning and emotion throughout the play. So, to conclude, I would argue that in ‘Twelfth Night’ every character conceals and deceives, however, without doubt Viola’s concealment of her physical shape as a woman, and emotions for Orsino is essential to the plot and creates the comedy and confusion. How to cite Twelfth Night Coursework Assignment, Papers

Introduction Hiv Aids Essay Example For Students

Introduction Hiv Aids Essay Being one of the most fatal viruses in the nation, AIDS (AcquiredImmunodeficiency Syndrome) is now a serious public health concern in most majorU.S. cities and in countries worldwide. Since 1986 there have been impressiveadvances in understanding of the AIDS virus, its mechanisms, and its routes oftransmission. Even though researchers have put in countless hours, and millions ofdollars it has not led to a drug that can cure infection with the virus or to a vaccinethat can prevent it. With AIDS being the leading cause of death among adults,individuals are now taking more precautions with sexual intercourse, and medicalfacilities are screening blood more thoroughly. Even though HIV ( HumanImmunodeficieny Virus) can be transmitted through sharing of non sterilize needlesand syringes, sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, and through most bodily fluids,it is not transmitted through casual contact or by biting or blood sucking insects. Development of the AIDS EpidemicThe first case of AIDS were reported in 1982, epidemiologists at the Center ofDisease Control immediately began tracking the disease back wards in time as wellas forward. They determined that the first cases of AIDS in the United Statesprobably occurred in 1977. By early 1982, 15 states, the District of Columbia, and 2 foreign countrieshad reports of AIDS cases, however the total remained low: 158 men and 1 woman. Surprising enough more then 90 percent of the men were homosexual or bisexual. Knowing this more then 70 percent of AIDS victims are homosexual or bisexualmen, and less then 5 percent are heterosexual adults. Amazing enough byDecember of 1983 there were 3,000 cases of AIDS that had been reported in adultsfrom 42 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, and the disease had beenrecognized in 20 other countries. Recognizing the Extent of InfectionThe health of the general homosexual populations in the area with thelargest number of cases of the new disease was getting looked at a lot closer byresearchers. For many years physicians knew that homosexual men who reportedlarge numbers of sexual partners had more episodes of venereal diseases and wereat higher risk of hepatitis B virus infection than the rest of the population, butconicidentally with the appearance of AIDS,. other debilitating problems began to doappear more frequently. The most common was swollen glands, often accompaniedby extreme fatigue, weight loss, fever, chronic diarrhea, decreased levels of bloodplatelets and fungal infections in the mouth. This condition was labeled ARC (AIDSRelated complex). The isolation of HIV in 1983 and 1984 and the development of techniques toproduce large quantities of the virus paved the way for a battery of tests todetermined the relationship between AIDS and ARC and the magnitude of thecarrier problem. Using several different laboratory tests, scientists looked forantibodies against the HIV in the blood of AIDS and ARC patients. They found thatalmost 100 percent of those with AIDS or ARC had the antibodies-they wereseriopostive. In contrast less then one percent of persons with no known risk factorswere seropositive. Definition of AIDSAIDS is defined as a disease, at least moderately predictive of defects in cell-meditated immunity, occurring in a person with no known cause for diminishedresistance to that disease. Such diseases include Kaposis Sarcoma, Pneumocystiscarnii pneumonia, and serious other opportunistic infections. After the discovery ofHIV and the development of HIV-antibody test, the case definition of AIDS wasupdated to reflect the role of the virus in causing AIDS, but the scope of thedefinition remained almost the same. .ud5a66e003d24df863f681d2f9da5422a , .ud5a66e003d24df863f681d2f9da5422a .postImageUrl , .ud5a66e003d24df863f681d2f9da5422a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud5a66e003d24df863f681d2f9da5422a , .ud5a66e003d24df863f681d2f9da5422a:hover , .ud5a66e003d24df863f681d2f9da5422a:visited , .ud5a66e003d24df863f681d2f9da5422a:active { border:0!important; } .ud5a66e003d24df863f681d2f9da5422a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud5a66e003d24df863f681d2f9da5422a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud5a66e003d24df863f681d2f9da5422a:active , .ud5a66e003d24df863f681d2f9da5422a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud5a66e003d24df863f681d2f9da5422a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud5a66e003d24df863f681d2f9da5422a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud5a66e003d24df863f681d2f9da5422a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud5a66e003d24df863f681d2f9da5422a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud5a66e003d24df863f681d2f9da5422a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud5a66e003d24df863f681d2f9da5422a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud5a66e003d24df863f681d2f9da5422a .ud5a66e003d24df863f681d2f9da5422a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud5a66e003d24df863f681d2f9da5422a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mystical Caves Used Throughout Mythology EssayTransmissionHIV is primarily a sexually transmitted disease, it is transmitted by bothhomosexual and bisexual and heterosexual activity. The first recognized case wasamong homosexual and bisexual men. Many numbers of studies have shown thatmen who have sexual partners and those who practice receptive anal intercourseare more likely to be infected with HIV than other homosexual men. Researchersfound a strong connection between HIV infection and rectal trauma, enemas beforesex, and physical signs of disruption of the tissue lining the rectum. Homosexual women tend to have a very low incidence of venereal disease ingeneral, an AIDS is no exception. Female-to-female transmission is highlyuncommon, however it has been reported in one case and suggested in another. Inthe reported case, traumatic sex practices apparently resulted in transmission of HIVfrom a woman who had acquired the virus through IV drug abuse to her non-drug-using sexual partner. 1983 was when the first heterosexual (Male to female;