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Cold War Essay Topics For World History Ap
Sunday, August 23, 2020
Friday, August 21, 2020
Hopes and Dreams of the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Expectations and Dreams of the United States - Essay Example I wanted to seek after further examinations and I trust that training be given the primary goal by each family in America with no worry about the accounts and maintain a strategic distance from self-teaching. The way of life of those utilized and jobless is the same however a few people accept that workers diminishes their chance to find a new line of work, I trust that this misinterpretation be cleared as it just relies on the capability of the individual. Since ageââ¬â¢s race has assumed a significant job in America separating Blacks and Whites, even today there is sure separation found in the general public we live. There are sure episodes to depict the segregation like aircrafts security check or wrongdoing examination where blacks would be the first to be focused on instead of whites, I want to see that the separation is completely evaporated and all are given equivalent rights. Social insurance concerns have been continuing for quite a while larger part influencing poor people and white collar class families however until today there isnt any legitimate answer for the issue, I trust that appropriate human services needs are give to each individual. The worries about home loan has expanded as banks began to give advances to individuals with poor record as a consumer prompting by and large gloom, I wish the circumstance balances out creation it simple to purchase a place I had always wanted. My deepest desires for United States o f America lies in accomplishing satisfaction, harmony, wellbeing, instruction, family, riches, employments and never the less love set up in amicability which may vary from each other individual who have various goals and
Tuesday, July 14, 2020
Production of Non-Plagiarized Work
Production of Non-Plagiarized Work Production of Non-Plagiarized Work Production of Non-Plagiarized Work Plagiarism is quite a widespread phenomenon and can be found in different spheres: in academic works, business, journalism, even the government, and especially across social media. There is an advantage and a disadvantage to the internet: while reusing someoneâs concepts seems to be easier than ever as it tends to get lost in the online chatter, it is also easier to pinpoint the source of original words and adequately cite them. Previous research has shown that, well before the internet, plagiarism was a much more common occurrence, and definitely not as easily detected. Meanwhile, there are serious ongoing debates and allegations in academic and publishing circles always to be found in the news, especially what constitutes plagiarism and how to detect it. Everyone tends to agree that taking words from another author and passing them off as oneâs own clearly constitutes plagiarism. However, there are other forms which are harder to detect, and harder to avoid by writers, such as: common sense practical knowledge beliefs and hypotheses with similar conceptual bases student understanding of the topic based on the same teachings and course materials, or genuine proposals that have come from the author without prior awareness of other corresponding or comparable ideas. Itâs hard work ensuring that the words and entire concepts are not borrowed or stolen from another author with an intention to use as own. In addition to that, guaranteeing that the work is non-plagiarized requires thorough and careful research and understanding of the subject, especially in terms of the already published and acknowledged works. At Homework Help Canada, we donât tolerate plagiarism and guarantee that our work is 100% non-plagiarized. You can trust our experts to provide you with high quality essays that are correctly referenced, with all the used sources of information attributed to their originators. Alternatively, if youâve completed the work and need to get it checked, we can provide you with an efficient plagiarism scan, and the subsequent editing of the work, if required. Moreover, we offer 1-on-1 custom essay writing help services so you can better understand the concept of non-plagiarism and how to produce non-plagiarized work in the future. There are no hidden tricks: simply put, all our experts are well-versed in originality, authenticity and the many referencing styles, and their knowledge and experience manifest that in the final result. References: Jump, P. (2015). Zygmut Bauman accused of serial âself-plagiarismâ. Times Higher Education. Retrieved August 23, 2015 from zygmunt-bauman-accused-serial-%E2%80%98self-plagiarism%E2%80%99. Klausman, J. (1999). Teaching About Plagiarism in the Age of the Internet. The National Council of the Teachers of English. Retrieved August 23, 2015 from Klausman-Plagarism%20and%20Internet.pdf. Production of Non-Plagiarized Work Production of Non-Plagiarized Work Production of Non-Plagiarized Work Plagiarism is quite a widespread phenomenon and can be found in different spheres: in academic works, business, journalism, even the government, and especially across social media. There is an advantage and a disadvantage to the internet: while reusing someoneâs concepts seems to be easier than ever as it tends to get lost in the online chatter, it is also easier to pinpoint the source of original words and adequately cite them. Previous research has shown that, well before the internet, plagiarism was a much more common occurrence, and definitely not as easily detected. Meanwhile, there are serious ongoing debates and allegations in academic and publishing circles always to be found in the news, especially what constitutes plagiarism and how to detect it. Everyone tends to agree that taking words from another author and passing them off as oneâs own clearly constitutes plagiarism. However, there are other forms which are harder to detect, and harder to avoid by writers, such as: common sense practical knowledge beliefs and hypotheses with similar conceptual bases student understanding of the topic based on the same teachings and course materials, or genuine proposals that have come from the author without prior awareness of other corresponding or comparable ideas. Itâs hard work ensuring that the words and entire concepts are not borrowed or stolen from another author with an intention to use as own. In addition to that, guaranteeing that the work is non-plagiarized requires thorough and careful research and understanding of the subject, especially in terms of the already published and acknowledged works. At Homework Help USA, we donât tolerate plagiarism and guarantee that our work is 100% non-plagiarized. You can trust our experts to provide you with high quality essays that are correctly referenced, with all the used sources of information attributed to their originators. Alternatively, if youâve completed the work and need to get it checked, we can provide you with an efficient plagiarism scan, and the subsequent editing of the work, if required. Moreover, we offer 1-on-1 custom essay writing help services so you can better understand the concept of non-plagiarism and how to produce non-plagiarized work in the future. There are no hidden tricks: simply put, all our experts are well-versed in originality, authenticity and the many referencing styles, and their knowledge and experience manifest that in the final result. References: Jump, P. (2015). Zygmut Bauman accused of serial âself-plagiarismâ. Times Higher Education. Retrieved August 23, 2015 from zygmunt-bauman-accused-serial-%E2%80%98self-plagiarism%E2%80%99. Klausman, J. (1999). Teaching About Plagiarism in the Age of the Internet. The National Council of the Teachers of English. Retrieved August 23, 2015 from Klausman-Plagarism%20and%20Internet.pdf.
Thursday, May 21, 2020
Finance 550 - 9571 Words
Practice Exam Questions and Answers 1. The Widget Co. purchased new machinery three years ago for $4 million. The machinery can be sold to the Roman Co. today for $2 million. The Widget Co.s current balance sheet shows net fixed assets of $2,500,000, current liabilities of $1,375,000, and net working capital of $725,000. If all the current assets were liquidated today, the company would receive $1.9 million in cash. The book value of the Widget Co.s assets today is _____ and the market value of those assets is _____. A. $4,600,000; $3,900,000 B. $4,600,000; $3,125,000 C. $5,000,000; $3,125,000 D. $5,000,000; $3,900,000 E. $6,500,000; $3,900,000 Book value = ($725,000 + $1,375,000) + $2,500,000 = $4,600,000 Market value = $1,900,000â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦good reputation of the company C. equipment owned by the firm D. money due from a customer E. an item held by the firm for future sale Refer to section 2.1 AACSB: N/A Blooms: Comprehension Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Objective: 2-2 and 2-4 Ross - Chapter 02 #15 Section: 2.2 and 2.4 Topic: Depreciation 10. Which one of the following statements concerning net working capital is correct? A. The lower the value of net working capital the greater the ability of a firm to meet its current obligations. B. An increase in net working capital must also increase current assets. C. Net working capital increases when inventory is sold for cash at a profit. D. Firms with equal amounts of net working capital are also equally liquid. E. Net working capital is a part of the operating cash flow. Refer to section 2.1 AACSB: N/A Blooms: Comprehension Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Objective: 2-2 and 2-4 Ross - Chapter 02 #19 Section: 2.2 and 2.4 Topic: Income statement 11. The higher the degree of financial leverage employed by a firm, the: A. higher the probability that the firm will encounter financial distress. B. lower the amount of debt incurred. C. less debt a firm has per dollar of total assets. D. higher the number of outstanding shares of stock. E. lower the balance in accounts payable. Refer to section 2.1 AACSB: N/A Blooms: Knowledge Difficulty: Basic Learning Objective: 2-4 Ross - Chapter 02 #24 Section: 2.4 Topic: Cash flow fromShow MoreRelatedEssay Mt480 Corporate Finance Unit 9 Project1159 Words à |à 5 PagesStudent MT480-01: Corporate Finance Unit Nine: Assignment Date Assignment: Complete the following exercises and problems from the textbook. Some problems ask multiple questions; be sure to answer every part of the exercise or problem unless otherwise noted * Chapter 28: Practice Questions 2, 10, 11, and 13 * Chapter 34: Practice Questions 2, 3, and 7 Chapter 28: 2. Table 28.1 shows the 90-day forward rate on the South African rand. a. Is the dollar at a forward discountRead MorePanera Bread Case779 Words à |à 4 Pagesappropriate as the company did not want to pack on so much debt, and could in the later years possibly lower the plowback amount and instead distribute dividends if necessary. Since the company is still vastly growing and is in need of sources to finance the growth, we would recommend keep reinvesting all of net income back into the company. Taking out long-term debt would make sense for Panera. Given the fact that their goal is to continue their long-term growth, a long-term note payable wouldRead MoreWhy Do Firms Choose Their Capital Structure?1623 Words à |à 7 Pages1. Introduction In order to grow, an enterprise needs investments. So they need to start wondering about which securities to acquire and how to finance those investments: with equity, debt or a combination of both (Myers, 2001). The study of capital structure tries to clarify this variety of securities and financing opportunities. In accounting terms, this decision is situated on the right-hand side of the balance sheet (Myers, 2001). In his Capital Structure Puzzle article, Myers (1984) poses theRead MoreCapsim Strategy Essay859 Words à |à 4 Pagesinnovative market leaders. à Specifically, this upcoming year we will be investing between $350- $400 dollars in the Traditional segment, between $650 and $700 in the Low End segment, between $900 and $950 in the High End segment, between $500 and $550 in the Performance segment, and lastly between $350 and $400 in the size segment. à In order for our strategy to be effective, our optimal timing for planned investments will be when demand is predicted to be high. à Hence, we will increase ourRead MoreFunding Programs For Public Schools1400 Words à |à 6 PagesIt is a common belief that students will perform better in a well-funded school. The National Report Card (NRC) examines the finance systems of all 50 states in the nation measuring how schools are funded based on four different categories: funding level, funding distribution, effort and coverage. ââ¬Å"A fair funding system is one that provides a sufficient level of funding distributed to account for the additional needsâ⬠of the various populations, ensuring that all students have an equal and adequateRead More1An Agency Problem Is Prone To1175 Words à |à 5 Pagesin a year is called the:à A.à annual percentage rate. à 6.à A $1,000 face value bond quoted as 102.16 sells for _____ and a bond quoted as 99:08 sells for _____.à B.à $1,021.60; $992.50 7.à Trevors Tires is offering a set of 4 premium tires on sale for $550. The credit terms are 24 months at $20 per month. What is the interest rate on this offer?à B.à 12.74 percent8.à Karen has $16,000 that she wants to invest for 1 year. She can invest this amount at The North Bank and earn 5.50 percent simple interest.Read MoreFactoring: Alternative Model of Financing8080 Words à |à 33 Pagesreceivables company Bââ¬âdebtorââ¬âimporter executes payment on account of factor (2); 6. Factor transfer funds to the account of factor (1); 7. Factor (1) pays a company Aââ¬âsellerââ¬âexporter difference (e.g. 20%) funds minus the factoring interest rate used to finance the amount payable on the advance. ECONOMIC ROLE OF FATORING Factoring as advanced financial instrument provides simple and efficient financing and successful business activities with domestic and foreign companies. It represents effective andRead MoreCase Study Chaseââ¬â¢s Strategy for Syndicating the Hong Kong Disneyland Loan2763 Words à |à 12 PagesSyndicating the Hong Kong Disneyland Loan Analysts: Bian Min, Luo Min, Wang Hongyu, Zhu Haidong Syndicated loan, with two or more bank lenders and a single set of legal documents, have gained tremendous popularity among corporations to finance their projects. This report aimed at evaluating the process by which Chase Manhattan Bank (ââ¬Å"Chaseâ⬠) syndicated the HK$3.3 billion Hong Kong Disneyland financing. To begin with, a detailed analysis of the first-round bidding concerns will be providedRead MoreInternational Business Competing in the Global Marketplace 8th Edition Charles W. L. Hill5106 Words à |à 21 PagesSeries in Finance Alexander/Sharpe/Bailey Geisst Fundamentals of Investments Megginson Investment Banking in the Financial System Andersen Corporate Finance Theory Melvin Global Derivatives: A Strategic Risk Management Perspective Bear/Moldonado-Bear Gitman International Money and Finance Principles of Managerial Finance* Principles of Managerial Financeââ¬âââ¬â Brief Edition* Mishkin/Eakins Financial Markets and Institutions Free Markets, Finance, Ethics,Read MoreChases Strategy for Syndicating the Hong Kong Disneyland Loan 2017 Words à |à 9 PagesADVANCED CORPORATE FINANCE Chaseââ¬â¢s Strategy for Syndicating the Hong Kong Disneyland Loan Group 1 AFNONIN, Artem 3035162144; ARDERN, Jeffrey 3035160914; GUPTA, Agrata 3035161097; KUTUZOVA, Ekaterina 3035162156; Disneyland - Chase Case Study Q1: How should Chase have bid in the first round competition to lead the HK$3.3 billion Disneyland financing? After being approached by Disney to raise HK$3.3 billion nonrecourse loan package on a fully underwritten basis, Chase had three options available
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Security Guards And Armed Guards - 1535 Words
Decades ago, many states did not have any hiring, screening, or training mandates for sworn police officers. Today, nearly every state has some sort of police officer, armed guard or security officer academy training and hiring regulations. There are almost twice as many security personnel in the United States than there are police officers, so why are there not widely accepted training standards for these personnel? This paper will attempt to explain the differences between Security Guards and Armed Guards and their screening and hiring regulations. To put this in perspective, The Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety provides administrative oversight for mandated security training. The New York Stateâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦There is a number of government agencies involved in the regulation of this State Code. Just as such, there are quite a few variations of security guards in different areas of expertise. In New York State, Security Guards are private citizens. According to the NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services Website, [http://www.nyc.gov ] Interested parties must first complete a required 8-Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course. Upon completing this course, they will apply to the Department of State for a Security Guard Registration Card. Upon receiving the card, they are able to seek employment as a security guard. Once they establish employment, they are required to attend a 16-Hour On-the-Job Training Course within 90 days of initial employment. Every year thereafter, security guards must complete an 8 Hour Annual In-service Training Course. Private security Guards perform their functions according to the policies of their employers. The company who hires a Security Guard outlines the tasks of the security Guard. As we know every company culture is diverse, therefore, it is the responsibility of the security Guards to educate themselves about the policies that are established by the company. Through continuous training, Guards develop the skills necessary to interact and address the different incidents that will happen during their time in a particular property. In addition to the required training courses
The French Revolution Free Essays
The French Revolution of 1789-1799, had a great impact not only to the people in France, but to rest of Europe, and the entire world. The major cause of the French Revolution was the disputes between the different types of social classes in French society. The revolution led to many changes in France, which at the time of the Revolution was the most powerful state in Europe. We will write a custom essay sample on The French Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now The revolution led to the development of new political forces such as democracy, and nationalism. It questioned the authority of kings, priests, and nobles. The revolution also gave new meanings and new ideas to the political ideas of the people. The primary cause of the revolution was the disputes over the people s differing ideas of reform. Before the beginning of the revolution, only moderate reforms were wanted by the people. An example of why they wanted this was because of King Lousis XIV s actions. At the end of the seventeenth century, King Lousis XIV s wars began decreasing the royal finances dramatically. This worsen during the eighteenth century. The use of the money by Lousi XIV angered the people and they wanted a new system of government. The writings of the philosophisers such as Voltaire and Diderot, were critical of the government. They said that not one official in power was corrupt, but that the whole system of government needed some change eventually, when the royal finances were expended in the 1780 s there began a time of greater criticism. This sparked the peasants notion of wanting change. Under the Old Regime in France, the king was the absolute monarch. Louis XIV had centralised power in the royal bureaucracy, the government departments which administered his policies. Together, Louis XIV and the bureaucracy worked to preserve royal authority and to maintain the social structure of the Old Regime. At this time in French history, the social classes played an important role in the lives of the people. The social structure of France was divided among three groups; the first, second, and third estates. Each social group had a varied type of people within their structure, which presented the different views of the people. The First Estate was the Church. During the ancient regime, the church was equal in terms of its social, economic, and spiritual power. The first estate owned nearly 10 percent of the land in France. It paid no taxes but, to support church activities such as school running,, and caring for the poor, they collected a tithe, or a tax on income. About one-third of the entire clergy in France served as parish priests. Also included in this estate were the nobles. Some of the nobles lived in luxury in major cities in France such as Versailles or Paris. Parish priests usually lived a hardworking life. This Estate was the minority of the people in France, having approximately 1 to 2 percent of the population. The Second Estate in French life was the nobility. They enjoyed extensive rights and privileges. They made up less than 2 percent of the population. They, like the First Estate, paid hardly any taxes. Economically, the nobility was characterised by great land wealth. Nobles were generally the richest member of the society. Typical sources of income were rents and dues for the use of their farm or estates. The First and Second estates were grouped together because they had similar political beliefs. The Third estate consisted of the commoners. It included the bourgeoisie, or the middle class, were by far the wealthiest. In the bourgeoisie, there were the merchants and manufacturers, lawyers, doctors and others similar to those types of professions. Peasants made up the largest group within the Third estate. They were forced to pay hefty taxes, tithes to the church, and rents to their landlords for the land they lived on. The last group within the Third estates were the city workers. They were servants, apprentices, and household maids. The major causes of the revolution were the differences these three groups had. However, there was another important factor during these times. France suffered from harsh economic problems. Poor farm harvests by farmers hurt the economy, and trade rules from the Middle Ages still survived, making trade difficult. However, the most serious problem was the problem facing the government during this time. The French government borrowed much money to pay for the wars of Louis XIV. Louis still borrowed money to fight wars and to keep French power alive in Europe. These costs greatly increased the national debt, which was at the time already too high. How to cite The French Revolution, Essay examples The French Revolution Free Essays The French Revolution was an uprising in human history that changed the way of life for many. The poor became poorer, the people became mostly jobless, the cities became even more lifeless. Not only did the Revolution affected music in the 1700s but it still has an effect on modern day music. We will write a custom essay sample on The French Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Revolution had an impact on many things; one of the many things being music. The French Revolution was also an evolution for music. The leaders of the Revolution wanted to end the aristocracy; they soon realized music could influence people so they used music to achieve their goals. The purpose of music during the Revolution was to unite a group of people to take action. The music was used to get people to feel nationalism pride and rise against the aristocracy. The Revolution influenced a numerous amount of composers. The emotions the composers felt during this time period influenced the way music was produced. The churches were the main supporters of musicians. They relied on people that could compose, conduct, and play the organ. Because the church demanded this, people obtained a living by working for the church. Musicians could also gain patronage from an aristocrat as another way to earn a living. ââ¬Å"Kapellmeister is someone who is a composer, conductor, a performer, and organizerâ⬠(Kingsnews). The wealthy families would often hire these people to write and perform small pieces of music for entertainment. When the Revolution took place the aristocrats lost their fortunes, loss of music centers resulted from small states being consumed by neighbors. Public concert halls raised from the change. People had more availability to music because of this rise. However, the public wasnââ¬â¢t interested in heavy music. ââ¬Å"The limits of music were not allowed to go beyond that of what was politically and socially acceptable to the old regimeâ⬠(Kingsnews). The changes caused by the Revolution caused many people to lose their jobs which in turn unemployed many musicians. These changes affected many musicians because their music did not fit the popular trend of music. In the time of the French Revolution people often used their musical talents to get what they need. In the book, Revolution by Jennifer Donnelly on page 138 in the first paragraph gives an example of how music was used to peopleââ¬â¢s advantages. Levesque, the inn-keeper, makes a deal with Alexââ¬â¢s family; as long as they sing songs for his guests in the tap room he will give them a place to sleep. In the book, Revolution, on pages 114 and 115 Alex mentions that she, her father, and her uncle puts on puppet shows. She then says ââ¬Å"We were all hungry, all thin, for the harvest was poor and the winter long.â⬠(Revolution) Two paragraphs below Alex goes on ââ¬Å"My mother wept. My brothers, all five of them, joined her.â⬠(Revolution). Within this journal entry, Alex explains her familyââ¬â¢s means of collecting money. Alex also plays her guitar for the Little Prince. When the Little Prince is locked in the tower she plays loudly hoping he can hear her. In todayââ¬â¢s society, music no longer depends on the churches or patronage. The music style today varies from the style of music during the Revolution. Whereas classical composers made money during the Revolution, they would have a very difficult time earning money composing classical pieces. Another difference that stands out is the ââ¬Å"performance and the ââ¬Ëlookââ¬â¢ of the musicianâ⬠(Kingsnews). During the French Revolution people listened and gave money because of the feelings that emit from the song. However, todayââ¬â¢s society buys music ââ¬Å"based on the attractiveness of the musiciansâ⬠(Kingsnews). Even though the evolution of music has changed dramatically people today still use music to tell a story, for entertainment, to influence one another. However, instead of using music to influence people to end aristocracy, music is produced to influence people to stand up for what they believe in. Modern music comes from the classical music that was created during the French Revolution. Modern musician uses the works of those who lived before them to inspire their own piece. Some musicians and their songs that were inspired by classical music are ââ¬Å"Elvis Presley ââ¬â I Canââ¬â¢t Help Falling In Love With You ; Itââ¬â¢s Now Or Never, Queen ââ¬â Itââ¬â¢s A Hard Life, Barry Manilow ââ¬â Could It Be Magic, Lady Gaga ââ¬â Alejandro ; Bad Romance, Beyonce ââ¬â Schubert, and many more musiciansâ⬠(ClassicFM). Throughout the book, Andi does some similar things that Alex did during the French Revolution. One of these things is her music. Alex played her music in the streets of Paris for money. However, Andi doesnââ¬â¢t think of this at first. Andi stumbled upon this by accident. On page 96 in the book, Revolution, Andi is sitting on a bench when she hears a note from ââ¬Å"Norwegian Woodâ⬠. She starts playing the song on her guitar, an old man drops a coin into her guitar case. On page 120 of Revolution, Andi is facing a problem; she is hungry. She tries to take money off her ATM card but is declined. After having a conversation with Minna Dyson Andi comes to the conclusion to play her music on the streets to make money so she can buy food. Later on page 122, a guy asks Andi if she wants to jam, to which she replied yes. They get a few more coins tossed in the case. After a little while, they split the money and head to a cafe together. On page 128 of Revolution, Andi meets Virgil, the ââ¬Å"Hip-Hop masterâ⬠. Andi, Virgil, and Jules starts playing music in the cafe. Theyââ¬â¢re playing in the cafe to earn some food. Remy, the cafe owner, tells them to play sad songs because then people will drink more. Itââ¬â¢s just like the time when Alex and her family need a place to sleep, but instead Andi, and Virgil is playing for food. Andi goes to a party with Jules and Virgil, they pass through the catacombs to get to this party. The cops soon show up and everyone scatters. In the midst of running Andi trips and hits her head. When she wakes up she is now in the 1700s; the French Revolution to be exact. While she is in this time period she remembers what she read in Alexââ¬â¢s journal entries. On her way a shop to get new guitar strings, she sees the tower that the Little Prince is being held. Without thinking, Andi starts to play for him. Malherbauro tries to get her to stop but she keeps playing louder. Soon guards show up, they tell Andi to stop playing and move along. When Andi doesnââ¬â¢t respond or stop playing the guard hits Andi in the head with the butt of the gun. In Andiââ¬â¢s journey through this time period, she experiences what Alex experienced. The French Revolution impacted many things; one being music. Music during the French Revolution had a greater purpose than todayââ¬â¢s music. However, todayââ¬â¢s music influence people in a way music should influence people. Alex and Andi both used their talents to their advantages to get what they need. Although the French Revolution changed human history and many other things, it brought upon the evolution of music. How to cite The French Revolution, Papers
Friday, April 24, 2020
Subj Biblical Prophesy Following The Exile Of The Hebrews From Babylo
Subj: Biblical prophesy following the exile of the Hebrews from Babylon Title: The Minor Post Exilic Prophets Before the Babylonian exile, Biblical prophesy reached its highest point. Prophets such as Jeremiah and Ezekiel changed and molded the scope of Israelite religion. Their writings were intelligent, insightful, well developed, and contained a great spiritual meaning. Following the Babylonian exile, however, prophesy took a depressing downward turn. There are many post exilic prophets, yet their writings are usually short, mostly irrelevant, repetitive, and, for the most part, anonymous. Though this is the case for many of these prophets, their works cannot be overlooked. Haggai and Zechariah were leaders in the cultic reform of the Israelite people. Malachai calmed their fears, and assured them of God's love. Still other prophets told of a new, Messianic time when the word of the Lord would be held in its former glory. These were the most important works, as post exilic I srael needed not only protection, but spiritual guidance to sustain their society. The prophet Haggai was in integral figure in uniting the Israelite people. Upon return to their homeland, the Israelites found most of the infrastructure in a state of disrepair, with the people uncaring for their moral and social responsibilities, to say nothing for their religious practices. (OVC) Even the temple of the Lord had been destroyed. Haggai emphasized the return to a more cultic society. Through Haggai, God explained the plight of the Israelite people, as in Haggai 1:6: "You have sown much, but harvested little; you eat, but there is not enough to be satisfied; you put on clothing, but no one is warm enough...Why? Because of My house which lies desolate while each of you runs to his own house." (Haggai 1:9) The word of Haggai is accepted as the word of God, and the temple is rebuilt in less than four years. "I am with you," said the Lord,in Haggai 1:13 when the temple was finally built . (EIB) The prophesy of Haggai did not end with the building of the Lord's temple. He offered a message of hope to the people of Israel. Haggai said that the promises made by God would be kept, now that He had a dwelling place within the city. God inspired the people of the newly reformed city, saying: "Who is left among you who saw this temple in its former glory?...Does it not seem to you like nothing in comparison? The latter glory of this house will be greater than the former, and in this place I shall give peace." (Haggai 2:3,9) He also talks of a time of political upheaval and reform, when he promises to "overthrow the thrones of kingdoms and destroy the power of the kingdoms and nations; and I will overthrow the chariots and their riders, and the horses and their riders will go down, every one by the sword of another." (Haggai 2:22) The "latter glory" foretold in Haggai's prophesy is emphasized in the book of Zechariah. Zechariah prophesied in the shadow of Haggai, but ga ve his words a slightly different spin. He emphasizes, like the pre-exilic prophets, the importance of a moral reform among the Israelites. Zechariah's way of recieving the word of God is very unique among the prophets. The word comes to him in the form of eight visions. These "colorful and strange" visions make up most of his book. (OVC) The visions are so bizarre that the Lord sends an angel as in interpreter, so that Zeccariah can derive meaning from them. (I have taken descriptions of these visions, from the OVC and other texts, and combined them with actual verses from the bible in order to create these descriptions.) The first of thsese eight visions is that of four angels, whose amazing speed is symbolized by horses. These four angels report that all is at peace with the nation, because the opponents to the nation have been silenced. This is called "a time of universal peace" (Carstensen, OVC). Even though the land is peaceful, the Lord is not, and he expresses his hatred toward those who have been allied against the Israelites. The second vision is of four horns and four smiths. This vision fortells
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